Adaptación de una medida de salud infantil indígena para niños inuit en Iqaluit, Nunavut
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Introducción: La evaluación culturalmente apropiada es fundamental para los sistemas de salud que aprenden; sin embargo, existen pocas herramientas de este tipo para niños Indígenas. En 2011, líderes y científicos en salud Indígena colaboraron para crear el Aaniish Naa Gegii: Children’s Health and Well-being Measure (ACHWM) para niños Indígenas de 8 a 18 años. Posteriormente fue adaptado para la población Inuit en Ottawa y denominado Qanuippit. El Gobierno de Nunavut (GN) manifestó interés en integrar el Qanuippit en todo el territorio. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar la versión Inuit de Ottawa para Nunavut, con el fin de garantizar una medida válida de bienestar que orientara la planificación de servicios de salud comunitarios para niños Inuit en Iqaluit.
Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque de métodos mixtos para considerar todo el espectro de la salud, desde el bienestar hasta la enfermedad. Todos los datos recopilados se rigieron por los principios de Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ). Se consultó a ocho expertos con base en Iqaluit en educación Inuit, cultura y salud infantil para asegurar la pertinencia cultural e identificar posibles contenidos faltantes. En febrero de 2024, el equipo local de salud mental realizó entrevistas con 15 niños Inuit (7,7–17,9 años). Cada niño completó el borrador del Qanuippit resultante de la revisión por expertos, y los trabajadores locales de salud mental evaluaron la comprensión de cada ítem por parte de los niños. El análisis se centró en los ítems que recibieron aportes críticos de dos o más participantes. Una vez finalizada la herramienta, un estudio piloto de implementación exploró cómo los trabajadores de salud mental integraban el Qanuippit en la práctica.
Resultados: Los expertos señalaron ocho ítems preocupantes; uno tuvo una solución clara y los siete restantes fueron identificados para seguimiento. Los niños identificaron 11 ítems problemáticos; dos tuvieron soluciones claras, mientras que la consulta continuó para los ítems restantes. Los trabajadores de salud mental informaron que la herramienta representó una experiencia positiva, basada en fortalezas. El Qanuippit facilitó la creación de vínculos con los usuarios, lo que tuvo un impacto positivo en su práctica profesional.
Conclusiones: El Qanuippit ha demostrado ser una herramienta adecuada para evaluar la salud y el bienestar de los niños Inuit en Iqaluit.
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