Salud sexual autopercibida y factores asociados en migrantes inscritos en programas de idioma sueco: un estudio transversal
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Introducción: La evidencia sugiere que las personas migrantes tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar una peor salud sexual en comparación con las no migrantes. Sin embargo, esta vulnerabilidad puede variar según sus características sociodemográficas y experiencias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la prevalencia de la autopercepción negativa de la salud sexual, su distribución y los factores de riesgo asociados entre migrantes en Suecia.
Métodos: Este estudio corresponde a un análisis secundario de la encuesta de Salud y Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos de Migrantes (MSRHR-2018), realizada en 2018, que incluyó a un total de 1,118 migrantes inscritos en programas de idiomas. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis descriptivo, bivariado y regresión multivariable.
Resultados: Alrededor del 19% de los participantes reportaron una autopercepción negativa de su salud sexual. Esta se asoció con mayor edad (>44 años) (RP: 1,83; 95% IC: 1,08–3,10), bajo nivel educativo (RP: 1,80; 95% IC: 1,04–3,11), dificultades recurrentes para llegar a fin de mes (RP: 1,51; 95% IC: 1,01–2,26), no ser en absoluto o no ser particularmente abierto sobre la propia orientación sexual (RP: 1,62; 95% IC: 1,06–2,49), experiencias de discriminación a lo largo de la vida (RP: 1,61; 95% IC: 1,09–2,39), y evitar buscar servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) a pesar de sentir necesidad (RP: 1,87; 95% CI: 1,22–2,85).
Conclusión: Este estudio resalta la prevalencia de la autopercepción negativa de la salud sexual entre personas migrantes, al mismo tiempo que revela disparidades significativas en subgrupos específicos que requieren una atención especial. Estos hallazgos pueden orientar a responsables políticos, gestores de programas y actores de la sociedad civil en el diseño de políticas e intervenciones focalizadas para subgrupos de migrantes en mayor riesgo de una peor salud sexual, como los migrantes de mediana y avanzada edad, aquellos con menor nivel educativo y quienes no se ajustan plenamente a las expectativas sociales sobre identidad de género u orientación sexual. Para mejorar los resultados en salud sexual y reproductiva, es fundamental identificar y abordar las barreras que limitan el acceso de las personas migrantes a los servicios de salud pertinentes.
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