Preocupaciones en materia de fertilidad y vacunas COVID-19: Diseño de infografía comunitaria en la región urbana de Waterloo, Ontario (Canadá)
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Introducción: Las dudas sobre las vacunas, incluida la preocupación por los posibles efectos secundarios sobre la fertilidad, han retrasado la adopción de la vacuna COVID-19 en Canadá y otros países. Una forma de abordar las dudas sobre las vacunas es el uso de infografías que expliquen las cuestiones clave y aborden las preocupaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el proceso de colaboración para desarrollar rápidamente una infografía basada en aportes comunitarios y adaptada para abordar las preocupaciones sobre la fertilidad durante las condiciones urgentes de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Métodos: Se utilizó una encuesta promovida a través de los medios sociales y una discusión de grupo focal con contactos de la comunidad para consultar iterativamente a las audiencias objetivo y recopilar comentarios sobre la interpretación del contenido y el significado de la infografía. Los resultados de la encuesta se analizaron mediante métodos descriptivos. Un grupo de discusión se analizó mediante un análisis inductivo temático y de sentimientos. Los comentarios orientaron el desarrollo de la infografía.
Resultados: Se compartieron en línea un borrador de infografía y una encuesta. 33 de los 37 encuestados expresaron que confiaban en la información proporcionada en la infografía. Tanto los encuestados como los participantes en los grupos de discusión querían un lenguaje sencillo e información adicional para abordar las preocupaciones sobre el efecto a largo plazo de las vacunas COVID-19 en la fertilidad. Las opiniones indicaron que era necesario un mayor esfuerzo para abordar los distintos niveles de alfabetización sanitaria dentro de las comunidades. Hubo opiniones contradictorias sobre si el uso de un lenguaje inclusivo, eliminando las etiquetas de género y centrándose en la biología, era útil o inducía a confusión.
Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que las opiniones del público pueden ayudar a adaptar el contenido y el diseño de las herramientas de fomento de la confianza en las vacunas, haciéndolas más accesibles para la población general. Además, se pueden aumentar los esfuerzos para resolver preocupaciones específicas modificando y/o creando diferentes versiones de las infografías.
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